Species Kingdom

Species Class

Species Order

Reef Shallows Sea Snake Aipysurus duboisii

Description

<h3 class="taxon_description_header"> Description from <select name="from" id="from"><option value="Eol">EOL</option> <option value="Inaturalist">iNaturalist</option> <option selected="selected" value="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</option></select> <a class="externallink ui" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aipysurus_duboisii">View on Wikipedia →</a> </h3> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of snake</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> Aipysurus duboisii, also known <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">commonly</a> as Dubois' sea snake and the reef shallows sea snake, is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of extremely <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venomous_snake" title="Venomous snake">venomous snake</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">subfamily</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophiinae" title="Hydrophiinae">Hydrophiinae</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family </a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elapidae" title="Elapidae">Elapidae</a>. Its geographic range includes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> and the northern, eastern and western coastal areas of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, that is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arafura_Sea" title="Arafura Sea">Arafura Sea</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-afd-4">[4]</a> It lives to depths of 80 meters (262 feet) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> flats, sandy and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silty</a> sediments which contain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a>, invertebrates and corals or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponges</a> that can serve as shelter. It <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">preys</a> upon <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moray_eel" title="Moray eel">moray eels</a> and various <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benthic_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic fish">fish that live on the seafloor</a>, up to 110 cm (3.6 feet) in size. A. duboisii is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviparous" class="mw-redirect" title="Viviparous">viviparous</a>, giving birth to live young rather than laying eggs.<a href="#cite_note-base-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> It displays medium aggressiveness, i.e., will bite if provoked, but not spontaneously.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The fangs are 1.8 mm long, which are relatively short for a snake, and the venom yield is 0.43 mg.<a href="#cite_note-h115-10">[10]</a> Aipysurus duboisii is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crepuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a> species, meaning that it is most active at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn" title="Dawn">dawn</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusk" title="Dusk">dusk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> It is the most venomous sea snake, and one of the top three <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dangerous_snakes#Most_venomous" title="List of dangerous snakes">most venomous snakes in the world</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ErZug-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fry,_Bryan,_Deputy_Director,_Australian_Venom_Research_Unit,_University_of_Melbourne-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-avru.org-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a>, duboisii, is in honor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgian</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural History">naturalist</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Dubois" title="Charles Frédéric Dubois">Charles Frédéric Dubois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> Adults of A. duboisii grow up to 148 cm (4.86 feet) in total length (including tail) but usually to around 80 cm (2.6 feet). The head is slightly wider than the neck with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostril" title="Nostril">nostrils</a> on its upper part and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_scale" title="Nasal scale">nasals</a> contacting each other. Eyes are separated from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supralabial_scales" class="mw-redirect" title="Supralabial scales">supralabial scales</a> by a row of large <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subocular_scales" class="mw-redirect" title="Subocular scales">subocular scales</a>. Dorsal scales are usually smooth, but sometimes have a small keel or small knobs. Individuals vary significantly in color and body pattern. The tail is relatively long; the chin and throat have lighter color than rest of the body.<a href="#cite_note-base-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Venom">Venom</h2></div> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_toxicity" title="Acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_venom" title="Snake venom">snake venom</a> is conventionally tested on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory animal">laboratory animals</a> and is evaluated in terms of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose" title="Median lethal dose">median lethal dose</a> (LD50), that is, the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population divided by the weight of the tested animal. The LD50 depends on the animal. Rabbits are about twice as sensitive to sea snake venom as mice, and fish and frogs are even more susceptible. The LD50 for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcutaneous injection">subcutaneous injection</a> of A. duboisii venom into mice is 0.044 mg/kg of body weight. This makes A. duboisii the most venomous sea snake tested, and the third most venomous snake overall, behind the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland_taipan" title="Inland taipan">inland taipan</a> (Oxyuranus microlepidotus, LD50=0.025 mg/kg) and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_brown_snake" title="Eastern brown snake">eastern brown snake</a> (Pseudonaja textilis, LD50=0.036 mg/kg).<a href="#cite_note-h115-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-ErZug-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fry,_Bryan,_Deputy_Director,_Australian_Venom_Research_Unit,_University_of_Melbourne-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-avru.org-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakebite" title="Snakebite">Snakebite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_20_November_2021-1"> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_20_November_2021_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style> <cite id="CITEREFLukoschek,_V.Guinea,_M.Milton,_D.Courtney,_T.2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vimoksalehi_Lukoschek" class="extiw" title="species:Vimoksalehi Lukoschek">Lukoschek, V.</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Guinea" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Guinea">Guinea, M.</a>; Milton, D.; Courtney, T.; Fletcher, E. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/176748/7296594">"Aipysurus duboisii "</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2010: e.T176748A7296594. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176748A7296594.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176748A7296594.en</a>. Retrieved 20 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Aipysurus+duboisii+&rft.volume=2010&rft.pages=e.T176748A7296594&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176748A7296594.en&rft.au=Lukoschek%2C+V.&rft.au=Guinea%2C+M.&rft.au=Milton%2C+D.&rft.au=Courtney%2C+T.&rft.au=Fletcher%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F176748%2F7296594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAipysurus+duboisii" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"> <a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ren%C3%A9_Jean_Baptiste_Bavay" title="Arthur René Jean Baptiste Bavay">Bavay A</a> (1869). "Catalogue des Reptiles de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles ". Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 15:1-37. (Aipysurus duboisii, new species, p. 33). (in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-ITIS-3"> <a href="#cite_ref-ITIS_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=700201">"Aipysurus "</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a>. Retrieved 20 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aipysurus+&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D700201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAipysurus+duboisii" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afd-4"> ^ <a href="#cite_ref-afd_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afd_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Aipysurus_duboisii">"Australian Faunal Directory: Aipysurus duboisii "</a>. biodiversity.org.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009211714/https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Aipysurus_duboisii">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biodiversity.org.au&rft.atitle=Australian+Faunal+Directory%3A+Aipysurus+duboisii+&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversity.org.au%2Fafd%2Ftaxa%2FAipysurus_duboisii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAipysurus+duboisii" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"> <a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Species <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species.php?genus=Aipysurus&species=duboisii">Aipysurus duboisii</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reptile-database.org/">The Reptile Database</a> www.reptile-database.org. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"> <a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?showprofile=Y&taxon_id=1116">Aipysurus duboisii — Dubois' Seasnake</a>, Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities </li> <li id="cite_note-base-7"> ^ <a href="#cite_ref-base_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-base_7-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=83896">Aipysurus duboisii Bavay, 1869</a>, SeaLifeBase site: UBC - Canada </li> <li id="cite_note-8"> <a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Harold_F._Heatwole" class="extiw" title="species:Harold F. Heatwole">Heatwole</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"> <a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Heatwole, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-h115-10"> ^ <a href="#cite_ref-h115_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-h115_10-1">b</a> Heatwole, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"> <a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Heatwole, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-ErZug-12"> ^ <a href="#cite_ref-ErZug_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ErZug_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"> <cite id="CITEREFErnstZug1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carl_H._Ernst" class="extiw" title="species:Carl H. Ernst">Ernst, Carl H.</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Robert_Zug" class="extiw" title="de:George Robert Zug">Zug, George R.</a> [in German] (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/snakesinquestion00erns">Snakes in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book</a>. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56098-648-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56098-648-4"><bdi>1-56098-648-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Snakes+in+Question%3A+The+Smithsonian+Answer+Book&rft.place=Washington%2C+District+of+Columbia&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Scholarly+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-56098-648-4&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Carl+H.&rft.au=Zug%2C+George+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsnakesinquestion00erns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAipysurus+duboisii" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fry,_Bryan,_Deputy_Director,_Australian_Venom_Research_Unit,_University_of_Melbourne-13"> ^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fry,_Bryan,_Deputy_Director,_Australian_Venom_Research_Unit,_University_of_Melbourne_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fry,_Bryan,_Deputy_Director,_Australian_Venom_Research_Unit,_University_of_Melbourne_13-1">b</a> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Grieg_Fry" class="extiw" title="species:Bryan Grieg Fry">Fry, Bryan</a>, Deputy Director, Australian Venom Research Unit, University of Melbourne (March 9, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413182323/http://www.venomdoc.com/LD50/LD50men.html">"Snakes Venom LD50 – list of the available data and sorted by route of injection "</a>. venomdoc.com. (archived) Retrieved October 14, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-avru.org-14"> ^ <a href="#cite_ref-avru.org_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-avru.org_14-1">b</a> The Australian venom research unit (August 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avru.org/compendium/biogs/A000084b.htm">"Which snakes are the most venomous?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626092020/http://www.avru.org/compendium/biogs/A000084b.htm">Archived</a> 2014-06-26 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>. Retrieved October 14, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"> <a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bo_Beolens" class="extiw" title="species:Bo Beolens">Beolens, Bo</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Watkins" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Watkins">Watkins, Michael</a>; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>. (Aipysurus duboisi, p. 76). </li> <li id="cite_note-16"> <a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Gopalakrishnakone P (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2yTrfdnnq8C&pg=PA98">Sea Snake Toxinology</a>. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9971-69-193-0" title="Special:BookSources/9971-69-193-0">9971-69-193-0</a>. p. 98. </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li> <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Harold_F._Heatwole" class="extiw" title="species:Harold F. Heatwole">Heatwole, Harold</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=80ERtB6qgGgC&pg=PT127">Sea Snakes</a>. Australian Natural History Series. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. 148 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86840-776-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86840-776-3">0-86840-776-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3190" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody> <tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3190" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Aipysurus duboisii</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2707083" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2707083">Q2707083</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aipysurus_duboisii" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Aipysurus duboisii">Aipysurus duboisii</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Aipysurus_duboisii/">Aipysurus_duboisii</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Aipysurus_duboisi">Aipysurus_duboisi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/aipysurus-duboisii/">aipysurus-duboisii</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65V4P">65V4P</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2450128">2450128</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/35263">35263</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10355124">10355124</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=700437">700437</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/176748/0">176748</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=355675">355675</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/96424/">96424</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/344635">344635</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=740867">740867</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile_Database" title="Reptile Database">RD</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?url_prefix=https%3A%2F%2Freptile-database.reptarium.cz%2Fspecies%3F&id=genus%3DAipysurus%26species%3Dduboisii">duboisii</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=83896">83896</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=344635">344635</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></div>    </div>This article uses material from the Wikipedia article <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aipysurus_duboisii">"Aipysurus duboisii"</a>, which is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0</a>. Content may have been omitted from the original, but no content has been changed or extended.

Common Names

Unknown Name

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Reptilia

Order: Squamata

Family: Elapidae

Genus: Aipysurus

Species: Reef Shallows Sea Snake Aipysurus duboisii

Conservation Status

least concern (LC)